Formation of a mathematical model of the processes of conversion of impulse flows in a biological neuron

Abstract

This study considers a model for converting pulse flows into analog quantities in the synapses of a neuron. It is assumed that the pulse flows arriving at the input of the model are converted into analog quantities describing the processes of mediator release and decay in the synaptic cleft. Special attention is paid to the effect of presynaptic inhibition, which is manifested when the mediator concentration exceeds a certain limit value. This effect occurs when the synapse is stimulated by pulse flows with high pulse repetition rate, even at full opening of the ion channel, which leads to a decrease in the influence of the synapse on the ion channel. Understanding this phenomenon is important to better analyze the functioning of neuronal networks and to develop new methods to influence the nervous system. This study provides important scientific data on the mechanisms of presynaptic inhibition and its impact on the functioning of neuronal networks. The results obtained may be useful for the development of new methods of treatment of neurological diseases, as well as for in-depth study of neuronal interaction in neuronal networks.